Digitalna knjižnica

Naravovarstvene smernice so v današnjem času temeljni dokument, ki usmerja s katerimkoli planom načrtovane ureditve in dejavnosti na način, da v največji možni meri ohranjajo naravovarstveno pomembne vsebine. Skozi zgodovino se je pristop k usmerjanju poseganj v naravo spreminjal glede na razpoložljivo znanje, podatke, zakonodajo in družbenopolitične ureditve. Prispevek prikazuje pot razvoja usmerjanja posegov v naravo od samih začetkov, Spomenice iz leta 1920 pa do današnje ureditve in vizije nadaljnjega razvoja.

V članku so predstavljene najpogosteje uporabljene metode za ekonomsko vrednotenje ekosistemskih storitev na varovanih območjih narave. Članek je rezultat študije, opravljene v okviru transnacionalnega projekta NATREG, in sicer v sklopu izdelave Skupne strategije upravljanja (za)varovanih območij v jugovzhodni Evropi. Študija je pokazala, da je izbira metode odvisna od tehničnih, institucionalnih, uporabnih in finančnih vidikov. Veljavnost in zanesljivost rezultatov sicer določata tehnično primernost uporabe nekega postopka ali orodja vrednotenja, vendar sta poglavitna kriterija za dokončno izbiro metode samo vrednotenje in uporabnost rezultatov.

Z vstopom Slovenije v Evropsko unijo sta v Sloveniji začeli veljati novi uredbi o zavarovanih prosto živečih vrstah rastlin in živali. Članek analizira mnenja in dovoljenja, izdana na podlagi teh dveh uredb. Za analizo smo uporabili podatke Zavoda RS za varstvo narave in Agencije RS za okolje. Analize se nanašajo na obdobje od 1. maja 2004 do konca leta 2009. V analizah smo upoštevali samo posege, za katere je bila potrebna strokovna presoja o vplivu posega na ohranitev ugodnega stanja vrste. 93 % mnenj je bilo pripravljenih za posege v zavarovane prosto živeče živalske vrste. 89 % vseh mnenj je pozitivnih, večina negativnih mnenj pa se nanaša na preprečevanje resne škode. Po številu izdanih mnenj prevladujejo mnenja, ki se nanašajo na žuželke (Insecta) (26 %) ter sesalce (Mammalia) (24 %). Najpogostejši razlog za poseg je raziskovanje. Najpogostejši način posega je odvzem iz narave (živali: 92 %, rastline: 94 %), število odvzetih osebkov pa je majhno. Večina dovoljenj za posege v populacije zavarovanih prosto živečih živalskih vrst je bila izdana za obdobje do enega leta, sledijo pa dovoljenja, ki so bila izdana za dobo 4-5 let. Pri skoraj polovici mnenj posegi niso bili geografsko omejeni. Za ocenjevanje kumulativnega vpliva posegov na lokacijo so ključnega pomena kvalitetna poročila o opravljenem posegu.

Planinski vodnik Karavanke Klemna Janše je napisan po tradicionalnem konceptu vodnikov, ki izhajajo pri Planinski založbi PZS. Opisani so tudi vzponi in prečenja na skrajnem zahodu gorovja v Italiji, kar je povsem novo in pionirsko delo v slovenski vodniški literaturi.

V vodniku so na 144 straneh opisane poti v Polhograjskem hribovju, ki se zahodno od Ljubljane dviga nad Sorškim poljem. Poljanska Sora ga na severu loči od Škofjeloškega hribovja. Marsikdo hribovje še vedno poimenuje Polhograjski Dolomiti po kamnini, ki se zlasti v višjih delih gorstva prikaže na plan kot veliki, škrbinasti zobje.

Milan Vošank v knjigi Gora je kakor ženska v več zgodbah opisuje svoje poti po gorah.

Obsežen in zaokrožen prikaz zgodovine našega obiskovanja domačih in tujih gora in razvoja naše 115-letne planinske organizacije.

Article presents results of a research made among local inhabitants inside and outside the Triglav National Park in Slovenia. Including the local inhabitants in the decision making process should have positive influence on further progress of the area. A poll was made among 200 residents for this purpose, in which we wanted to get inhabitants’ opinion of quality of life in the area where they live. Results indicate that 36% of interviewees agree that their quality of life is good and 12% claim that it is very good. 68% of inhabitants strongly agree and 25% agree that their area of living needs better employment chances.

So bili v ozadju res naravovarstveni motivi?

The Triglav National Park is the only national park in Slovenia. The statute of the Triglav National Park came into force in 1981. The article presents the local inhabitants’ opinion about the Triglav National Park management, their knowl- edge of the park management’s tasks and activities and opinion about the park management’s activity in the future. The results show that 20% of the interviewed inhabitants are dissatisfied with the park management. 9% of the interviewed inhabitants are very satisfied with the park management and 26.5% are satisfied with the park management. 76.1% of the interviewed inhabitants who live within the park and 44.2% of those who live outside the park had contacts with the park management, which indicates that the place of living has influence on people’s contacts with the park management.

Problem tujerodnih živali v naših gorah

Various spatial data sets of high quality and homogeneity allow a higher level of multidisciplinary research. The study is aimed at providing a clearer understanding of the technical and semantic aspects of the quality of historical maps, especially with respect to positional errors, through the georeferencing process. Georeferencing the system of historical map sheets with high precision over a large area is not easily incorporated into the less complicated standardised process. Significant problems may occur in rough mountainous regions, especially as many of the areas were not accessed at that time and therefore not surveyed. The standard process of georefer- encing comprises mosaicking of singular map sheets to a seamless map, referencing with identical points, and applying an appropriate transformation method. The quality of georeferenced maps is assessed with statistical and visual parameters. The enhanced process additionally integrates descriptive (textual) information about the mapping processes, derivative georeferenced data sets as land use analysis, and Monte Carlo simulations. This approach allows a more detailed understanding of the quality and consequently improves a georeferencing process for any historical data sets. The First Military Survey maps of the Habsburg Monarchy (Josephine survey), produced between 1763 and 1787, were used as study data and the rugged Julian Alps of the Triglav National Park in Slovenia were employed as the study area.